Challenge to the Chemical Industry

The Challenge of International Sanctions against Iranian Radio-Pharmaceutical Industry

Abstract: This paper is about Iranian health industry facing the challenges created by the comprehensive international sanctions. This paper aims to give a realistic account of the different positive and negative impacts of the factor of international collaboration (or rather, the lack thereof) on the dual aspects of "technological and non-technological" catching up process. The case study is r...

Addressing the Microsoft Challenge — Restoring Competition To the Software Industry

Sharing music files: Tactics of a challenge to the industry

The sharing of music files has been the focus of a massive struggle between representatives of major record companies and artists in the music industry, on one side, and peer–to–peer (p2p) file–sharing services and their users, on the other. This struggle can be analysed in terms of tactics used by the two sides, which can be classified into five categories: cover–up versus exposure, devaluatio...

Licensing in the chemical industry

Microbial Biofilms: The Challenge of Food Industry

Failure in the cleaning process may form a conditioned film on the food processing surfaces which allows bacterial adherence. After the initial adhesion the microorganism start to multiplicate and results in a cell mass embedded in a complex exopolysaccharide matrix known as biofilm. Microorganisms in biofilm are more resistant to antimicrobial compounds than planktonic cells. That behavior all...